Wheat Cultivation

 

Wheat cultivation

Wheat Cultivation

Wheat is an agricultural product that is a major source of nutrients worldwide and is involved in the daily diet of millions of people. As one of the oldest cultural plants in human history, wheat is cultivated in many countries by adapting to different climate and soil conditions. This article will discuss the various stages of wheat cultivation, the issues to be considered and modern farming techniques.

The History and Importance of Wheat

The Historical Development of Wheat

Wheat has been one of the most important agricultural products throughout human history. Wheat, which was cultured in the Neolithic period in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, has been cultivated in wide areas throughout the world since then. With the agriculture of wheat, people have settled and the development of agricultural societies has accelerated.

Nutritional Value of Wheat

Wheat is a rich source of nutrients in carbohydrate, protein and fiber. It also contains iron, magnesium and various vitamins. Especially rich in vitamin B, wheat is vital for energy production and brain function.

Climate and Land Conditions

Wheat's Climate Needs

Wheat grows most efficiently in temperate climates. But there are wheat species that can adapt to different climatic conditions. Wheat, which has two main species, summer and winter, can withstand winter colds in the regions where winter wheat is planted, while summer wheat is grown in a shorter period of growth.

Temperature: Wheat needs low temperatures during germination. The optimal germination temperature is between 12-15°C. In the development period, temperatures between 20-25°C are ideal.

Precipitation: The water needs of wheat generally range from 300-500 mm. In areas where irrigation is not done, rainfall is a factor that directly affects the yield.

Soil Properties

Wheat grows best in deep, well-drained and organic matter-rich soils. The pH of the soil should generally be between 6.0-7.5. Clay-tuned soils are ideal for wheat cultivation, but very heavy clay or very light sandy soils can reduce wheat yields.

Stages of Wheat Cultivation

Preparation Before October

It is important to carry out soil analysis before starting wheat planting. The pH, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium levels of the soil should be determined and appropriate fertilization should be done. The processing of soil is a critical step for the easy germination of wheat seeds. Pre-October soil should be removed and weeds should be cleaned and the soil should be ventilated.

Wheat Seed Selection

For an efficient wheat cultivation, the choice of seeds suitable for the climatic conditions of the region is of great importance. The fact that the seeds are certified and the selection of varieties that are resistant to disease and pests ensures successful results in production.

October

Wheat sowing is usually done in the autumn or spring. Winter wheat cultivation is usually carried out in October-November, while summer wheat cultivation is carried out in March-April. The depth of sowing should usually be between 3-5 cm. Homogeneous distribution of seeds during sowing increases the germination rate.

October Methods

Spreading: It is a traditional method and the seeds are randomly distributed over a large area. But in this method, there may be a waste of seeds.

October with Mibzer: It is a modern method, the seeds are sown in order and thus the use of seeds is optimized, ensuring a smooth distance between the plants.

Care in Wheat Cultivation

Irrigation

The water needs of wheat vary according to the growing period. During periods of germination, fraternization, stalking and spurring, the provision of sufficient water is critical for yield. Additional watering should be done during periods when rainfall is insufficient.

Fertilization

Nutrient elements that wheat needs include nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). According to the soil analysis, the appropriate amount of fertilization should be done. Usually nitrogen fertilizers are applied during the periods of brotherhood and stage.

Combating Illness and Pests

Diseases and pests in wheat farming can significantly affect yield. For example, yellow rust and root disease are common problems in wheat plants. For this reason, it is important to check the field regularly and, if necessary, to use biological or chemical methods of struggle.

Harvesting & Storage

Wheat's Harvest Time

The time of harvesting of wheat is determined by the complete maturation of the spikes and the hardening of the grains. Harvesting is usually carried out in June and July. Accurate determination of the harvest time is important to prevent the grains from spilling and loss of quality.

Harvesting Methods

While hand-formed in traditional methods, wheat harvest is carried out quickly and efficiently using harvester in modern agriculture. Combine harvesters cut wheat stalks, separate grains and leave stalks back.

Storage Conditions

The storage of harvested wheat in the right conditions is important in terms of maintaining the quality and shelf life of the product. The humidity of wheat during storage should be at 12-14% levels. High humidity can lead to the loss of products, leading to mold and insect pests. Ventilating wheat and, when necessary, spraying it prevents the proliferation of pests.

Conclusion

Wheat cultivation is a process that requires attention and care. Many factors, from climatic conditions to soil characteristics, from cultivation methods to fertilization and irrigation, have a direct impact on the yield and quality of wheat. With modern farming techniques and accurate planning, high efficiency can be achieved in wheat production and quality products can be introduced to the market.